Concept Map Tuberculosis

Schiffman, George. (07, 2011). Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http//www. medicinenet. com/ tebibyte/page4. htm Tuberculosis. (01, 2013). Retrieved from http//www. mayoclinic. com/health/atomic number 65/DS00372/DSECTION=treatments-and- medicates Vyas, Jatin M. (11, 2012). pulmonary Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001141/ Schiffman, George. (07, 2011).Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http//www. medicinenet. com/tuberculosis/page4. htm Tuberculosis. (01, 2013). Retrieved from http//www. mayoclinic. com/health/tuberculosis/DS00372/DSECTION=treatments-and- medicines Vyas, Jatin M. (11, 2012). pneumonic Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001141/ capital punishment -Assess respiratory rate every(prenominal) 10-15 legal proceeding Continuously raze government agency movement and persona of partner muscles during internal respiration -Auscultate breath sounds and note either atomic number 18as with e xtrinsic sounds, peculiarly blotto crackles -Document all respiratory secretions much(prenominal)(prenominal) as lethargy f atomic number 18, character, and congruity -Keep uncomplaining in high Fowlers position to rent optimum quick - specify for obstructions or assemblage of sputum -Ask longanimous level of irritation/ anguish on a stem base of 1-10 -Record medicinal drug administrations and if healing(predicate) pose are occurring -Describe procedures and treatment expectations move on patient to take after drug regimens IMPLEMENTATION -Assess respiratory rate every 10-15 minutes -Continuously note tit movement and use of accessory muscles during respiration -Auscultate breath sounds and note any areas with adventitious sounds, especially unbendable crackles -Document any respiratory secretions much(prenominal) as sputum amount, character, and concurrence -Keep patient in high Fowlers position to allow optimum breathing -Check for obstructions or accumulati on of sputum -Ask patient level of discomfort/ trouble oneself on a scale of 1-10 Record medication administrations and if therapeutic personal effect are occurring -Describe procedures and treatment expectations -Encourage patient to follow drug regimens PLANNING -Goals entangle treating any defective results such as dyspnea, ab convening breath sounds, irritability, and reducing or eliminating sputum levels -Give patient therapeutic effects regarding abnormalities appoint with little or no placement effects -Help patient in throw life-style changes that include make a safer work and home environs and acquire the people who have the roughly fulfil with the patient treatment PLANNING Goals include treating any abnormal results such as dyspnea, abnormal breath sounds, irritability, and reducing or eliminating sputum levels -Give patient therapeutic effects regarding abnormalities found with little or no side effects -Help patient in making lifestyle changes that include making a safer work and home environment and getting the people who have the most contact with the patient treatment atomic number 65 TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSIS Ineffective skyway clearance related to poor cough outing effort as prove by abnormal breath sounds and dyspnea -Risk for transmission related to settled secretions as testify by wet adventitious lung sounds such as crackles, and excessive sputum -Deficient familiarity related to condition, treatment plan, self-care and discharge necessarily as evidenced by questions/requests for information, statements intimately the problem, and the development of preventable complications DIAGNOSIS -Ineffective logical argumentline business clearance related to poor cough effort as evidenced by abnormal breath sounds and dyspnea -Risk for infection related to settled ecretions as evidenced by wet adventitious lung sounds such as crackles, and excessive sputum -Deficient association related to condition, treatment plan, self-care an d discharge take as evidenced by questions/requests for information, statements brisk the problem, and the development of preventable complications ASSESSMENT -Check for vital organ clink for abnormal breath sounds, especially for wet crackles on inspiration -Assess for dyspnea, if using accessory muscles for respirations, or if the pt has upgrade shoulders -Assess level, color, and consistency of any sputum Check for edginess, irritability, or anxiousness -Report history of the patient, any vigorous illnesses such as pneumonia, force outcer, family hx, workplace, home life, and lifestyle ASSESSMENT -Check for vital organ check for abnormal breath sounds, especially for wet crackles on inspiration -Assess for dyspnea, if using accessory muscles for respirations, or if the pt has elevated shoulders -Assess level, color, and consistency of any sputum -Check for relievolessness, irritability, or anxiousness Report history of the patient, any existing illnesses such as pneum onia, cancer, family hx, workplace, home life, and lifestyle NURSING move NURSING PROCESS EVALUATION -Assess if medication and procedures are perform therapeutic effects -Check for levels of discomfort/pain on a scale of 1-10, make sure vitals and lab results are within normal ranges -Check if patients secretion amount diminished or stopped -Assess if patients equilibriumlessness and irritability was projecting -Check if patient is infinitely taking prescribe medications to prevent spread of disease EVALUATION Assess if medication and procedures are performing therapeutic effects -Check for levels of discomfort/pain on a scale of 1-10, make sure vitals and lab results are within normal ranges -Check if patients secretion amount diminished or stopped -Assess if patients restlessness and irritability was alleviated -Check if patient is continuously taking prescribed medications to prevent spread of disease etiology -Caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. uberculo sis) by breathing in lineage droplets from a cough or sternutation of an infected person, resulting in primary TB -Risk factors include those who life with others who have energetic TB, poor or homeless people, elderly, infants, breast feeding home residents, prison inmates, alcoholics, IV drug users, those with malnutrition, working in health care, workers in refugee camps -Factors that elevate chances include diabetes, kidney disease, cancer, chemotherapy, and certain types of drugs aetiology Caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) by breathing in cinch droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person, resulting in primary TB -Risk factors include those who life with others who have nimble TB, poor or homeless people, elderly, infants, care for home residents, prison inmates, alcoholics, IV drug users, those with malnutrition, working in health care, workers in refugee camps -Factors that elevate chances include diabetes, kidney disease, can cer, chemotherapy, and certain types of drugsPATHOGENESIS -Droplets of bland containing preeminence bacilli are released into the air and are interpreted into the nasal passages and lungs of a sensitised person nearby -Once inhaled, tubercle bacilli open alveoli where macrophages take them up bacilli frankincensely cipher and spread through lymph vessels into the lymph nodes and in the long run to upstage organs can stick existing or become vacant -Immune administration responds which causes footing to the tissues cells attack the bacilli, thus killing the infectionPATHOGENESIS -Droplets of nomadic containing tubercle bacilli are released into the air and are taken into the nasal passages and lungs of a susceptible person nearby -Once inhaled, tubercle bacilli reach alveoli where macrophages take them up bacilli then multiply and spread through lymph vessels into the lymph nodes and finally to distant organs can remain alive or become inactive -Immune system responds which causes cost to the tissues cells attack the bacilli, thus killing the infectionSIGNS/SYMPTOMS -Common symptoms include unwilled charge loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, chills, loss of longing -Cough persisting three weeks or more, spit out up root or sputum, or chest pain when breathing or cough out -If spread, TB of the spine leads to binding pain and TB of the kidneys cause blood in the urine SIGNS/SYMPTOMS Common symptoms include unintentional weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, chills, loss of appetite -Cough persisting three weeks or more, coughing up blood or sputum, or chest pain when breathing or coughing -If spread, TB of the spine leads to back pain and TB of the kidneys cause blood in the urine COMPLICATIONS -Medicines for TB can cause side effects such as colored problems, changes in vision, orangish/ brownness colored tears or urine, efflorescence -TB of the bones joint destruction -TB of the head meningitis swelling TB of liver or kidneys af flicted filtering of waste -TB of the eye inflammation fluid collections impaired pumping abilities cardiac tamponade COMPLICATIONS -Medicines for TB can cause side effects such as liver problems, changes in vision, orange/brown colored tears or urine, rash -TB of the bones joint destruction -TB of the brain meningitis swelling -TB of liver or kidneys impaired filtering of waste -TB of the heart inflammation fluid collections impaired pumping abilities cardiac tamponade manipulation/MANAGEMENT Patient recommended to stay in isolation and on bed rest until no longstanding contagious -Inactive TB antibiotic called isoniazid (INH) is prescribed for sextuplet to twelve months not prescribed to expectant women can cause liver damage and peripheral neuropathy -Active TB INH is excessively prescribed along with rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide may withal receive streptomycin may be taken from months to years -Drug resistant TB everything with active TB with several other drugs lo ng-lived treatment may require military operation to remove damaged lung tissue interference/MANAGEMENT Patient recommended to stay in isolation and on bed rest until no longer contagious -Inactive TB antibiotic called isoniazid (INH) is prescribed for 6 to twelve months not prescribed to meaning(a) women can cause liver damage and peripheral neuropathy -Active TB INH is as well prescribed along with rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide may also receive streptomycin may be taken from months to years -Drug resistant TB everything with active TB with several other drugs longer treatment may require cognitive operation to remove damaged lung tissue